1 Ore United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway (1814-1905) Bronze Osc ...

Sweden, Oscar I. Bronze 1 Öre Coin.

Mint Year: 1858

Reference: KM-687.

Denomination: 1 Öre
Diameter: 19.8mm

Material: Bronze

Weight: 2.8gm

Oscar I (born Joseph François Oscar Bernadotte; 4 July 1799 – 8 July 1859) was King of Sweden and Norway from 1844 to his death. When, in August 1810, his father Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte was elected Crown Prince of Sweden, Oscar and his mother moved from Paris to Stockholm (June 1811). Oscar’s father was the first ruler of the current House of Bernadotte. Oscar’s mother was Désirée Clary, Napoleon Bonaparte’s first fiancée. Her sister, Julie Clary, was married to Napoleon’s brother, Joseph Bonaparte. Désirée chose Napoleon to be Oscar’s godfather.

From Charles XIII of Sweden, Oscar received the title of Duke of Södermanland. He quickly acquired the Swedish language. By the time he reached the age of majority he had become a general favourite. His very considerable native talents were developed by an excellent education,   and he soon came to be regarded as an authority on all socio-political   questions. On January 17, 1816, he was elected an honorary member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, and in 1818, he was appointed chancellor of Uppsala University, where he spent one semester.

In 1832-34 he completed the opera Ryno, the errant knight left unfinished on the death of the young composer Eduard Brendler. In 1839 he wrote a series of articles on popular education, and (in 1841) an anonymous work, “Om Straff och straffanstalter”, advocating prison reforms. Twice during his father’s lifetime he was viceroy of Norway. By proxy at the Leuchtenberg Palace in Munich on 22 May 1823 and in person at a wedding ceremony conducted in Stockholm on 19 June 1823 he married the Princess Josephine, daughter of Eugène de Beauharnais, Duke of Leuchtenberg, and granddaughter of the Empress Josephine.

In 1824 and 1833, the Crown Prince was briefly Viceroy of Norway.   In 1838 the king began to suspect his son of plotting with the Liberal   politicians to bring about a change of ministry, or even his own abdication. If Oscar did not actively assist the Opposition on this occasion, his disapprobation of his father’s despotic behaviour was notorious, though he avoided an actual rupture. Yet his liberalism was of the most cautious and moderate character, as the Opposition,   shortly after his accession (8 March 1844), discovered to their great   chagrin. He would not hear of any radical reform of the cumbrous and   obsolete Constitution of 1809. But one of his earliest measures was to establish freedom of the press. He also passed the first law towards gender equality in Sweden when he in 1845 declared that brothers and sisters should have equal inheritance, unless there was a will.

He formally established equality between his two kingdoms by introducing new flags with the common Union badge of Norway and Sweden and a new coat of arms for the union. He also founded the Royal Norwegian Order of St. Olav on August 21, 1847, giving his Norwegian kingdom its own order of chivalry. Most of the legislation during Oscar I’s reign aimed at improving the economic position of Sweden, and the Riksdag of the Estates,   in its address to him in 1857, declared that he had promoted the   material prosperity of the kingdom more than any of his predecessors.

In foreign affairs Oscar I was a friend of the principle of nationality. In 1848 he supported Denmark against the Kingdom of Prussia in the First War of Schleswig; placed Swedish and Norwegian troops in cantonments in Funen and North Schleswig (1849–1850); and mediated the Truce of Malmö (26 August 1848). He was also one of the guarantors of the integrity of Denmark (the London Protocol, 8 May 1852).

As early as 1850 Oscar I had conceived the plan of a dynastic union of the three Scandinavian kingdoms, but such difficulties presented themselves that the scheme had to be abandoned.² He succeeded, however, in reversing his father’s obsequious policy towards Imperial Russia. His fear lest Russia should demand a stretch of coast along the Varanger Fjord induced him to remain neutral during the Crimean War, and, subsequently, to conclude an alliance with the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and the Second French Empire (25 November 1855) for preserving the territorial integrity of Sweden-Norway.