[ 3870] Macedonian Kingdom Bronze (17mm, 4.94 gm.). Macedonia, Pella(?), 288 B.C., Rare. Reference: Forrer/Weber 2189. Sear 6781. Macedonian shield; with Gorgon's head at centre. Macedonian helmet dividing B--A; in lower field to left, double axe; K to right, monogram. Provided with Certificate of Authenticity. CERTIFIED AUTHENTIC by Sergey Nechayev, PhD - Numismatic Expert Macedonian shields were central to the military success of Alexander the Great's phalanxes. Their lightness allowed the soldiers to move quickly and defend against attacks. The shields were so effective that other armies used them later on, including the Ptolemaic and Seleucid armies, which ruled Egypt and parts of Asia after Alexander's early demise. Central Star Design In the center of a Macedonian shield is the trademark star insignia. The star has either 12 or 16 rays, depending on the shield design. However, some shields have busts in the center of Macedonian kings or divine figures. The star insignia appeared on coins and other artifacts, as well on icons and frescoes in Eastern Orthodox churches. Many shields would bear inscriptions to whichever king ruled at the time of its production. Shield Dimensions The diameters of the shields are usually no larger than 39 inches (100 cm) and no smaller than 20 inches (50 cm). They are circular and concave to accommodate a soldier's arm. The shield would also have a leather thong for the soldier's grip. Shield Materials Macedonians often coated their shields in bronze for durability. However, some shields were coated in silver and gold. The base material of the shield was a cold-cast resin. The shields were light enough for the Macedonian hoplite (soldier in phalanx formation) to easily maneuver for protection. Offensively, the hoplite would employ a sarissa -- a long spear sometimes measuring as much as 18 feet (5.5 m) in length. The lightness of the phalanx's armor (including the lightweight shield) allowed them to move relatively quickly compared to other armies of the time. Payment & Shipping: Will accept payments via PayPal. = MM_contentVersion;
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1 Corona 奥匈帝国 (1867 - 1918) 銀 弗朗茨·约瑟夫一世 (1830 - 1916)
本组有 25 钱币 / 17 售价
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AUSTRIA 1 Corona 1908 - Silver 0.835 - 60 A. Reign of Franz Joseph - aUNC -2673*
