The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (1386/1569-1795) , formally the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, was a dualistic state, a bi-confederation, of Poland and Lithuania ruled by a common monarch, who was both the king of Poland and the grand duke of Lithuania. It was one of the largest and one of the most populous countries of 16th- and 17th-century Europe. It was established at the Union of Lublin in July 1569, but the actual personal union between the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania had begun when Lithuania's Grand Duke Jogaila married Queen regnant Jadwiga of Poland and was crowned King jure uxoris Władysław II Jagiełło of Poland, in 1386. The Commonwealth was reduced in the First Partition of Poland in 1772 and disappeared as an independent state after the Third Partition of Poland in 1795.