During the French Third Republic, which lasted from 1870 to 1940, the design of the French franc underwent several changes reflecting the political, social, and economic context of the time. Here's an overview of the French franc during the Third Republic:
Transition from Monarchy to Republic:
The Third Republic was established after the fall of Napoleon III's Second Empire and the defeat of France in the Franco-Prussian War. The transition from monarchy to republic was reflected in the design of French coins, which often featured symbols of the Republic, such as the national motto "Liberté, Égalité, Fraternité" (Liberty, Equality, Fraternity) and allegorical representations of liberty.
Republican Symbols and Allegories:
Coins minted during the Third Republic often featured allegorical representations of the Republic, such as the figure of Marianne, the personification of liberty and the Republic. Marianne was depicted wearing a Phrygian cap, a symbol of freedom.
Other republican symbols, such as the national emblem and the French coat of arms, were also commonly featured on French coins of the Third Republic.
Portraits of Leaders:
The obverse of French coins during the Third Republic occasionally featured portraits of prominent political leaders, such as presidents and prime ministers. These portraits served to commemorate the individuals who played significant roles in the governance of France during this period.
National Symbols:
The reverse side of French coins often depicted national symbols, such as the Gallic rooster, the French flag, or representations of agricultural and industrial themes. These symbols celebrated French identity and heritage.
Continuity and Stability:
Despite changes in political leadership and occasional economic challenges, the design of the French franc remained relatively stable during the Third Republic. The franc continued to serve as the principal unit of currency in France and played a vital role in the country's economy and commerce.
Overall, the design of the French franc during the Third Republic reflected the values of the Republic, celebrated French identity and heritage, and provided a sense of continuity and stability during a period of significant political and social change in France.