8 Реал    (продана за $195.0)

1781, Peru, Charles III. Spanish Colonial Silver 8 Reales Dollar Coin. VF+/aXF!

Mint Year: 1781 Mint Place: Lima (Peru) Denomination: 8 Reales Reference: 1781-MI, KM-78. R! Condition: Lightly wiped in the past, now retoning on itself, otherwise a  nice VF+/aXF!  Weight: 26.82gm Diameter: 39mm Material: Silver

Obverse: Laureate and, draped, and cuirassed profile bust of Charles III right. Latin Legend: CAROLUS . IIII . DEI . GRATIA . 1781 Translation: "Charles III by the Grace of God, 1781"

Reverse: Crowned Spanish armsbetween the Pillars of Hercules adorned with PLVS VLTRA motto. Legend: .HISPAN[IARUM].ET IND[IARUM].REX.Limae[Monogram].8R[EALES] M.I.[Assayer Name] Translation: "King of the Spains and the Indies, Lima [Mint], 8 reales".

The Spanish dollar (also known as the piece of eight,   the real de a ocho, or the eight real coin) is a silver coin, worth   eight reales, that was minted in the Spanish Empire after a Spanish   currency reform of 1497. It was legal tender in the United States until an Act of the United States Congress discontinued the practice in 1857.   Through widespread use in Europe, the Americas and the Far East, it   became the first world currency by the late 18th century. Many existing   currencies, such as the Canadian dollar, United States dollar and the   Chinese yuan, as well as currencies in Latin America and the Philippines   peso were initially based on the Spanish dollar and other 8 reales   coins.

Charles III (January 20, 1716 – December 14, 1788) was King of Spain 1759–88 (as    Carlos III), King of Naples and Sicily 1735–59 (as Carlo VII and Carlo    V), and Duke of Parma 1732–35 (as Carlo I). He was a proponent of enlightened absolutism.

On August 10, 1759, his half-brother Ferdinand VI of Spain died, and Charles III left the Neapolitan/Sicilian dominions to go to Madrid. His second son    would eventually rule in Spain as Charles IV. His third son would unify    the Kingdom of Naples and Kingdom of Sicily to form the Kingdom of the    Two Sicilies and ruled as Ferdinand.

As king of Spain, his foreign policy was marked by    the alliance with France (the Family Compacts) and the conflict with    Britain over the control of the American possessions. His support for    France in the close of the Seven Years' War led to the loss of Florida    to the British, although this was partly compensated by the acquisition    of the French Louisiana. The rivalry with Britain also led him to    support the American revolutionaries in their War of Independence    despite his misgivings about the example it would set for the Spanish    Colonies. During the war, Spain recovered Minorca and Florida, but    failed to capture Gibraltar.

His internal government was, on the whole,    beneficial to the country. He began by compelling the people of Madrid    to give up emptying their slops out of the windows, and when they    objected he said they were like children who cried when their faces    were washed. In 1766, his attempt to force the madrileños to adopt the French dress for public security reasons was the excuse for a riot (Motín de Esquilache)    during which he did not display much personal courage. For a long time    after, he remained at Aranjuez, leaving the government in the hands of    his minister Pedro Pablo Abarca de Bolea, Count of Aranda. Not all his    reforms were of this formal kind.

Charles was a thorough despot of the benevolent    order, and had been deeply offended by the real or suspected share of    the Jesuits in the riot of 1766. He therefore consented to the    expulsion of the order, and was then the main advocate for its    suppression. His quarrel with the Jesuits, and the recollection of some    disputes with the Pope he had had when King of Naples turned him    towards a general policy of restriction of what he saw as the overgrown    power of the Church. The number of reputedly idle clergy, and more    particularly of the monastic orders, was reduced, and the Spanish    Inquisition, though not abolished, was rendered torpid.In the meantime,    much antiquated legislation which tended to restrict trade and industry    was abolished; roads, canals and drainage works were established. Many    of his paternal ventures led to little more than waste of money, or   the  creation of hotbeds of jobbery; yet on the whole the country   prospered.  The result was largely due to the king, who even when he was    ill-advised did at least work steadily at his task of government. He    created the Spanish Lottery and introduced Christmas cribs following    Neapolitan models. During his reign, the movement to found "Economic    Societies" (a rough prototype Chamber of Commerce) was born.

His example was not without effect on some of the    nobles. In his domestic life King Charles was regular, and was a    considerate master, though he had a somewhat caustic tongue and took a    rather cynical view of humanity. He was passionately fond of hunting.    During his later years he had some trouble with his eldest son and    daughter-in-law. If Charles had lived to see the beginning of the    French Revolution he would probably have been frightened into reaction.    As he died on the 14th of December 1788 he left the reputation of a    philanthropic and philosophic king, still nicknamed "el rey alcalde"    ("the king mayor") because of the public works in Madrid. In spite of    his hostility to the Jesuits, his dislike of friars in general, and his    jealousy of the Spanish Inquisition, he was a very sincere Roman    Catholic. Charles was responsible for granting the title "Royal    University" to the University of Santo Tomas in Manila which is the    oldest in Asia.