100 Mon

1835, Japan, Shogunate, Bakamatsu Period. Bronze Tempo Tsuho (100 Mon) Coin. VF+

Reference: KM-7. Mint Year: 1835-1870 Condition: Light greenish deposits, scratches and edge-hits from circulation, otherwise VF+ Denomination: 100 Mon (Tempo Tsuho) Material: Cast Bronze Weight: 21.27gm Diameter: 49mm

Obverse: Character above central square hole. Symbol below.

Reverse: Vertical inscription, flanking central square hole. Inscription: "To Hyaku" = "value 100"

The mon was a currency of Japan from the Muromachi period in 1336, until 1870. The Chinese character for mon is ? and the character for currency was widely used in the Chinese-character cultural sphere, eg. Chinese wen and Korean mun. Coins denominated in mon were cast in copper or iron and circulated alongside silver and gold ingots. The yen replaced these denominations in 1870. However, its usage continued at least into 1871, as the first Japanese stamps, issued in that year, were denominated in mon.

Bakumatsu (幕末 bakumatsu, "Late Tokugawa Shogunate", literally "end of the Shogunate") refers to the final years of the Edo period when the Tokugawa shogunate ended. Between 1853 and 1867 Japan ended its isolationist foreign policy known as sakoku and changed from a feudal Tokugawa shogunate to the Meiji government. The major ideological-political divide during this period was between the pro-imperial nationalists called ishin shishi and the shogunate forces, which included the elite shinsengumi swordsmen.

Although these two groups were the most visible powers, many other   factions attempted to use the chaos of Bakumatsu to seize personal   power. [page needed] Furthermore, there were two other main driving forces for dissent: first, growing resentment on the part of the tozama daimyo (or outside lords), and second, growing anti-western sentiment following the arrival of Matthew C. Perry. The first related to those lords who had fought against Tokugawa forces at the Battle of Sekigahara in 1600 and had from that point on been excluded permanently from all   powerful positions within the shogunate. The second was to be expressed   in the phrase sonnō jōi, or "revere the Emperor, expel the barbarians". The turning point of the Bakumatsu was during the Boshin War and the Battle of Toba-Fushimi when pro-shogunate forces were defeated.