1 Ducat

1525, Salzburg, Matthaus Lang von Wellenburg. Rare Gold Ducat Coin. NGC UNC+

Mint Year: 1525
Mint Place: Salzburg
Denomination: Gold Ducat
Reference: Friedberg 600, Probszt 175. Very Rare!
Condition: Certified and graded by NGC as UNC (Details: Obverse Damage - referring to the small scratch in the right field!)
Diameter: 21mm
Weight: 3.51gm
Material: Gold!

Obverse: Saint Rupert, wearing episcopal regalia, holding crozier and salt barrel. Shield with coat-of-arms of Salzburg in front of his legs below.
Legend: . S . RVDBER - TVS . EPVS . 

Reverse: Papal legate´s hat and cross-topped arms of the Prince-Bishop and date (1525). All within inner circle.
Legend: + MATHEVS . CARD . ARIEPS . SALZ 

Matthäus Lang von Wellenburg (1469 - 30 March 1540) was a statesman of the Holy Roman Empire, a Cardinal and Prince-Archbishop of Salzburg from 1519 to his death.

Matthäus Lang was the son of a burgher of Augsburg and later received the noble title of Wellenburg after a castle near his hometown that came into his possession in 1507. After studying at Ingolstadt, Vienna and Tübingen he entered the service of Emperor Frederick III of Habsburg and quickly made his way to the front. He was also one of the most trusted advisers of Frederick's son and successor Maximilian I,  and his services were rewarded in 1500 with the provostship of the  cathedral at Augsburg and five years later with the position of the Bishop of Gurk. He also received the Bishopric of Cartagena in Murcia in 1510 and was appointed cardinal by Pope Julius II one year later. In 1514 he became coadjutor to Leonhard von Keutschach, the Salzburg Prince-Archbishop, whom he succeeded in 1519. He received the title of a Cardinal Bishop of the Suburbicarian diocese of Albano in 1535.

In the course of the Protestant Reformation Lang's adherence to the older faith, together with his pride and  arrogance, made him very unpopular in his Salzburg diocese. As early as  in 1523 he was involved in a serious struggle with his subjects in the City of Salzburg, and in 1525, during the Peasants' War, he had again to fight hard to hold his own. Insurgents occupied the town of Hallein, devastated the archbishop's Burg Hohenwerfen and even laid siege to his residence at Hohensalzburg, until they were finally defeated with the aid of troops provided by the Swabian League.

Cardinal Lang was one of the chief ministers of Charles V;  he played an important part in the tangled international negotiations  of his time; and he was always loyal to his imperial masters. Not  without reason has he been compared with Cardinal Wolsey. The writer and courtier Maximilianus Transylvanus, a secretary to Charles V, is often said to be a son of Lang's (see Maximilianus Transylvanus for this discussion). In any case, Transylvanus addressed his De Moluccis Insulis, the first published description of Magellan's voyage around the world, to Lang.