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State: Bavaria  (Duchy) Mint Period: 1397-1402 Denomination: Monk Pfennig References: Wittelsbach 160. Rulers (Dukes): Ernst I & Wilhelm III. Condition: Cleaned, with light remaining deposits, otherwise about VF! Diameter: 18mm Weight: 0.67gm Material: Silver

Obverse: Head of a cowled monk left. Cross behind face.

Reverse: Gothic initials of the Dukes (EW for Ernst I & Wilhelm III) within circle.

Ernest of Bavaria-Munich (German: Ernst, Herzog von Bayern-München), (Munich, 1373 – 2 July 1438 in Munich), from 1397 Duke of Bavaria-Munich.

Ernest was a son of John II and ruled the duchy of Bavaria-Munich together with his brother William III.

He restrained uprisings of the citizenry of Munich in 1396 and 1410 and forced his uncle Stephen III to confine his reign to Bavaria-Ingolstadt in 1402. Afterwards Ernest still fought several times successfully against the dukes of Bavaria-Ingolstadt Stephen III and his son Louis VII the Bearded as ally of Henry XVI of Bavaria-Landshut. He was a member of the Parakeet Society and of the League of Constance.

After the extinction of the Wittelsbach dukes of Bavaria-Straubing, counts of Holland and Hainaut,   Ernest and his brother William struggled with Henry and Louis but   finally received half of Bavaria-Straubing including the city of   Straubing in 1429.

As ally of the House of Luxembourg Ernest backed his deposed brother in law Wenceslaus against the new king Rupert of the older branch of his own Wittelsbach dynasty as well as Wenceslaus' brother Sigismund in his wars against the supporters of Jan Hus. This led to devastations in Northern Bavaria until 1434.

When his son Albert III married secretly the maid Agnes Bernauer in 1432, Ernest ordered her murdered. She was accused of witchcraft and thrown into the River Danube and drowned. The civil war with his son finally ended with a reconciliation. He is buried in the Frauenkirche in Munich.

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