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1916, China (Republic). Beautiful Copper Cent (1 Fen) Coin. XF-AU!

Mint Year: 1916 Reference: KM-Y#324. Denomination:  Cent (1 Fen) Condition: Minor greenish deposits, othewrise a XF-AU! Material: Copper Diameter: 26mm Weight: 6.75gm

Obverse: Diamond-shaped design with central hole. Rice-sprays at sides. All within chain-border.

Reverse: Central hole, flanked by characters within quatrefoil. Two ornaments at sides. All within chain-border.

Yuan Shikai (also named after birthplace Yuan Xiangcheng)   ( 16 September 1859 - 6 June 1916) was an important Chinese general and   politician famous for his influence during the late Qing Dynasty, his   role in the events leading up to the abdication of the last Qing Emperor   of China, his autocratic rule as the first President of the Republic of   China, and his short-lived attempt to revive the Chinese monarchy, with   himself as the "Great Emperor of China".

With Yuan's death, China was left without any   generally recognized central authority and the army quickly fragmented   into forces of combating warlords. For this reason he is usually called   the Father of the Warlords.

However, it is not accurate to attribute other   characteristics of warlordism as his preference, since in his career as a   military reformer he had attempted to create a modern army based on the   Japanese model.

Throughout his lifetime, he demonstrated   understanding of how staff work, military education, and regular   transfers of officer personnel came together to make a modern military   organisation. After his return to power in 1911, however, he seemed   willing to sacrifice this ideal in his imperial ambitions, and instead   ruled by a combination of violence and bribery that destroyed the   idealism of the early Republican movement.

Since those who opposed Yuan could do so only from a   territorial military base, Yuan's career as president and emperor   contributed greatly to China's subsequent political division and also   initiated the warlord era that troubled China for the next 10 to 20   years.

In the CCTV Production Towards the Republic,   Yuan is portrayed through most of his early years as an able   administrator, although a very skilled manipulator of political   situations. His self-proclamation of Emperor was seen as largely under   the influence of external forces, such as his son, prince Yuan Keding.